The Roman Catholic Church Responded Treatment - 1645 Words

The Roman Catholic Church responded treatment of Luther, Huguenots in France, relationship with the Holy Roman Emperor, the Jesuits and the Council of Trent, treatment of Galileo and other scientists very differently. Luther was called before Emperor Charles V to recant his beliefs. Although some German Princes sided with Luther, it was still declared an outlaw. He protected by a German Prince Frederick the Wise. He translates Erasmus’ Greek Bible into German. Holy Roman Emperor and the RCC were political allies. Prince’s allied with Luther to indirectly challenge the emperor. Huguenots in France worked to reform the rest of France, but the Catholic King Henry III was not about to let that happen. King Louis XIV revoked the Edict of Nantes, this resulted in driving out hundreds of thousands of his best citizens abroad. The monks at Cluny were challenging the power of the Holy Roman Emperor, there was also the idea of separation of church and state. By 1050, King Henry I II appointed the Pope he liked which was Clement II. After his death the archbishops were able to elect the Pope. Henry IV had a serious threat to his stability. He made his bishops swear loyalty to him. When Gregory excommunicated Henry he begged for forgiveness and he got it; after Henry was back to placing bishops, he was excommunicated again. The Germans were eager to see a weakened king siding with the church. The Holy Roman Empire was no way united, still very strong, but they had no control over itsShow MoreRelatedThe Great Leader Was Martin Luther1251 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Roman Catholic Church: there must have been others who loathed indulgences or were cognizant that the papacy often corrupted its power. However, Luther was the one to gather his ideas and stand up against the Church, for the sake of Christianity and its followers. Even though he often faced the threat of harsh consequences, he never recanted his teachings or gave up hope. Despite encouraging mass viole nce, Martin Luther should be known as a great leader since he reformed the Roman Catholic ChurchRead MoreThe English Civil War Essay1733 Words   |  7 Pagestimes of peace. In the end, the English Civil War checked the growth of royal absolutism and certified that England would be a constitutional monarchy. 2. Holy Roman Empire: The Holy Roman Empire was comprised of mostly German states and lasted from 962 to 1806. It was led by an Emperor who was elected by the princes. The Holy Roman Empire stopped the Ottoman at the gates of Vienna and several attacks after. 3. Encomienda: Encomienda was an exploitation of labor. Spanish were granted rights toRead MoreDiscrimination : Discrimination And Discrimination1161 Words   |  5 PagesDiscrimination in U.S.A Introduction This term is utilized to highlight the contrast in treatment between individuals from diverse groups when one group is purposefully treated†¦ 1. Gender Discrimination †¢ Although gender discrimination has decreased a lot as compared to past but still the situation is far from ideal†¦ †¢ Several institutions are reluctant to give important and commanding posts to women†¦ †¢ Gender discrimination is also evident in social life of America†¦ 2. Religious DiscriminationRead MoreThe Beginning Of The 19th Century2316 Words   |  10 Pagesand individualism, which developed in front of a Catholic background. Art was influenced heavily and dedicated to the church, and people’s thoughts and relationship as to Man and God increased enormously. However, the Renaissance was a period of both ethical and moral corruption in the Catholic Church; which strongly influenced evil crimes/offenses and penalties for those who committed them. In 1500, hypocrisy and corruption in the Catholic Church was uncontrollable. As defined by the Merriam-WebsterRead MoreExamine the Role of the Church in Spain’s Conquest and Colonization of Continental America.2381 Words   |  10 PagesQuestion: Examine the role of the Church in Spain’s conquest and colonization of continental America. The role of the Roman Catholic Church in Spain’s conquest and colonization of continental America was a two-fold process whereby under the faà §ade of conversion and control lay the primary goal of gaining wealth, enforcing laws and the inevitable extension of control while condoning the beginnings of European slavery in the Caribbean.[i] Alternately, behind the movement for converting IndiansRead MoreTypes Of Exorcism1875 Words   |  8 Pagesat all like one would witness on the big screen. In fact, most Christians have probably said a form of minor exorcism prayer since the Our Father is considered to be one. There are three main forms of exorcism that is practiced within the Anglican Church: exorcism of objects, places and people. Objects – Almost any object, other than a holy one, can be â€Å"infested.† Places – Some examples of the cause of unwanted activity within a place, according to the Exorcism: The Findings of a Commission ConvenedRead MoreItalian Painting From The Baroque Era2241 Words   |  9 Pages Martin Luther’s Protestant Reformation had really stirred the religious pot. In the early 1600’s, the Catholic Church responded with the Counter Reformation which propelled the Baroque movement and its artistic aim of making Catholic theology appeal to the masses. Biblical stories with drama and movement were some of the ways Baroque artists sought to engage the viewer. Baroque dominated most of the seventeenth century Europe and later developed into the Rococo style later during the eighteenthRead MoreSlavery in Latin America vs Us3432 Words   |  14 Pagesattained through mayhem. The Spanish and Portuguese army was no match for the Indigenous people. The Inca Curacas and the Aztec Tlatoani administered forced labor, classified as Accion Civica Repubicla (civic service to the republic), and brutal treatment of the crown’s appointed Corregidores on the Indians. Before the Africans came, the Indigenous’ society was destroyed and depopulated through violen ce, along with disease. Due to the depopulation, the slaves were brought from areas of Africa. TheyRead MoreThe Black Death : Research Due Friday 161707 Words   |  7 Pagesthe swift spread of the virus as they could have weakened the immune system significantly Society and Medicine The response of the people and their medical knowledge Society responded in many a different way in regards to the Black Death, but all were unprepared and frightened by the disease. Common practices Medical Treatment †¢ â€Å"Traditional† methods like blood-letting did nothing more than expose the doctor to the bacteria, thus actually helping to spread the disease. †¢ A common belief was that theRead MoreEssay on Book Report, Here I Stand: a Life of Martin Luther3404 Words   |  14 PagesThird Printing Hardback March 2011. Peabody: Hendrickson Publishers Marketing, LLC, 1950. Bainton’s Here I Stand is a chronologically arranged biography of Martin Luther’s life which seeks to show his philosophy and ideas for the reform of the Catholic Church without seeking to perform psychoanalysis of the Reformer. The book has twenty two chapters separated in groups of various events in Luther’s life. These different episodes are then further divided by concentrations of ideas or events that

Nurse’s Professional Image Free Essays

Over the years, the nursing profession has faced an image overhaul that concretely defined her role in the society. The nurse uniforms which exude the most identifiable mark of the profession in the health sector and the society have also faced alterations that greatly affect the public’s perception of nurses. In an exhibit at the Philadelphia’s Fabric Workshop, many conclude that nurses are no longer identifiable with the profession. We will write a custom essay sample on Nurse’s Professional Image or any similar topic only for you Order Now The contemporary transitions that constantly evolved to define her busy role has brought forth an identity crisis that even patients, family members, other health professionals and workers have difficulty labeling her role in the health care setting. This transition was highly observed in the last two decades as nurses have found the ease in wearing casual and sometime colorful uniform attire (Harrion, 2001:41)(Houweling, 2004:42). The identity of the white uniform became lost as nurses prefer the comfort and ease of the scrub uniforms (Houweling, 2004:40). In the past decades, the nurse in a white uniform communicated a professional confidence brought about by the competency of her job and training. The nurse’s cap was also the known distinguishing mark that respectable nurses wore based on Florence Nightingale’s 1874 model(Dodd,2005:7).To look back, the earliest uniforms focused more on functionality and feminine virtue and were more or less associated with the religious orders and military nursing groups (Ellis and Harley, 2004: 185). The propriety of wearing a cap also followed uniformity as a respectable way for women to earn and be distinguished at the institution. The early uniforms were long, starched long sleeves with detachable collars and cuff that included a cape that could be worn during the winter months (Houweling, 2004:41). By the end of the 19th century, the functional white dress was adapted that catered to the evolution of pantsuits in the 60’s. The traditional nurse uniform has existed in many variants from the dress, apron and cap yet the basic style has remained recognizable in many years (Hallam, 41). In the late 60’s, psychiatric nurses pushed against the white uniform in their setting and were finally allowed to wear street clothes in the 1970’s. In the 1980’s, many hospitals no longer required nurses to wear the nursing cap given their expanded nursing roles (Ellis, Hartley Love: 184). Harrion explained that the cap discourages the men from entering the profession and the cap is identified with a â€Å"handmaiden† mark attached to it which is contradicted as male nurses were unlikely forced to wear the nurses’ cap, this status was reserved for the female nurses. Another insistence is that the cap was quite hard to keep clean which is again contradicted merely by the fact that starched caps can be dry cleaned. Even the nursing pin which was a significant mark and a â€Å"coat of arms† of the nursing profession has lost its appeal. Contemporary nurses are now reduced to wearing comfortable scrubs that were once limited to the specialty areas such as the CCU, ICU and ER where practicality is an issue. In Japan, nurses were once kimono clad and appeared like the under-maid types to keep their tradition alive (Takahashi, 2004: 4). Stimulated by the women’s position in the western society, the western concept of the profession gained popular adherence as the white uniform was adapted for all Japanese nurses in the health service (Takahashi:5). This process faced grandstanding as Japanese doctors trained Europe pushed for the adoption of the white uniform among the Japanese nurses in an effort to positively uplift and identify the professional nurse. After many years of retaining their traditional garb, Japan soon realized that issues of hygiene and practicality were at stake. Further they were able to realize and understand that the nursing uniform embodies probity and purity that is needed to overhaul the image of the female workers in Japan. Today, the nursing profession is again facing major upheavals that de-emphasize the purity of the standard white uniform in favor of the comfortable scrubs. This is a dilemma that nurses face in a work setting where many other caregivers wear the same garb. Patients and other health workers have trouble identifying the nurse from the rest of the ordinary caregivers. The public image of the nursing profession is suffering as the effort to communicate the value of the profession is diminishing. Mangum, Garrison, Lind, Thackeray and Wyatt once recommend that nurses wear clothing that clearly distinguish them as professional nurses (Ellis, Hartley Love, 2004: 184). Others believed that the white standard uniform exudes power and authority compared to the rumpled and disordered appearance of the colored scrubs. Despite the many images equated with the profession and the media’s continued assault on the appearance of nurses there is an immediate need to revamp the current attire. White according to most nurses denotes sanitation and cleanliness; they could be tailored and modified to enhance the figure using a fine material with insignias that could denote rank and position would give power and authority over the other ordinary caregivers in the health institution. Given the physical exertion of the profession, the cap might pose to be too unrealistic. This could prove to be more amenable rather than seeing professional nurses around the hospital garbed in attire that are commonly worn by the orderlies. This is an image problem and physicians would probably like to see nurses in uniforms of power rather than in rumpled an colored attires dressed like ordinary orderlies. The uniform is what makes nurses look good and present a professional appearance. When one wears costumes that convey their attributes, virtues and training, the patient sees the nurse as someone he can trust along with his physician. Wearing a well-tailored uniform and displaying the nursing pin helps nurses from being belittled by patients and their families. Nurses give up their power and authority as a profession when not dressed uniformly and loose their self-esteem when viewed ordinarily (Masters, 2005:130). The uniform identifies the specific and unique place that professional nurses have in the health care system (Masters, 2005:112). Thus, if nurses wish for doctors to treat them as colleagues in healthcare, society to acknowledge them as authorities, and to be paid as the profession deserves, the professional image should be insisted. Therefore if one wishes to be treated as a â€Å"ministering angel† (Hallam: 133); or as a professional and as a privileged individual, the professional appearance must portray a positive public image (Dodd, 2005: 6). Works Cited Hallam, Julia. Nursing the Image:   Media, Image and Professional Identity. Routledge. Masters, Kathleen. (2005). Role Development in Professional Nursing Practice. Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Ellis, Janice Rider and Hartley, Love, Celia. (2004). Nursing in today’s World: Challenges, Issues and Trends. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. Takahashi, Aya. (2004). The Development of the Japanese Nursing Profession: Adopting and Adapting Western Influences. Routledge. Harrion, Lois. (20010. Professional Practical/Vocational Nursing. Thomson Delmar Learning. Houweling, Lynn. (2004, April). Image, Function, and Style: A history of the nursing uniform.   American Journal of Nursing, 104, 4. p. 40 – 48 Dodd, Elizabeth, Bates, C., Rousseau, N. (eds). (2005). On All Frontiers: Four Centuries of Canadian Nursing. Ottawa: University of Ottawa.    How to cite Nurse’s Professional Image, Essay examples

Raise The Red Lantern Essay Example For Students

Raise The Red Lantern Essay Anthropology of WomenRaise the Red Lanternâ€Å"All the world’s a stage; all of us are taking the elements of plot, character, and costume and turning into performances of possibilities†(Ward1999: 5) Raise the Red Lantern tells a compelling and sorrowful story of a young women whose life is destined to be ruined in a male-dominated society. This can be an awakening of some sort to any woman. As Ward states in her text, women learn the rules of our half of the world as well as those of the other half, since we regularly move in and out of the male world. There she defines women’s culture. The term has also been used in its anthropological sense to encompass the familial and friendship networks of women, their affective ties, their rituals. It is important to understand that woman’s culture is never a subculture. It would hardly be appropriate to define the culture of half of humanity as a subculture. Women live social existence within the general culture. W henever they are confined by patriarchal restraint or segregation into separateness, they transform this restraint into complementarily and redefine it. Thus, women live a duality- as members of the general culture and as partakers of woman’s culture. (Lerner 1986:242)Much like the quote stated, Raise the Red Lantern is set in Northern China in the 1920’s. For thousands of years the people of China have formed family life around patrilineal decent. The assessment of traditional China life was patriarchal. A basis of this set up would be from Confucius. In childhood, Before marriage, Obey your fatherIn adulthood, During marriage, Obey your husbandIn widowhood, After marriage, Obey your sonStates in the text, the lowest moment of a woman’s life was her wedding day. Cut off from her natal family, the young bride was an outsider and the object of deep suspicion in her new husband’s household. The only was to earn a place for herself was to have sons. Songlian quits college after her father has passed away and becomes Zuoquian Chen’s fourth wife. When Songlian, who chooses to walk from her house to Chen’s house instead of riding in the wedding carriage, arrives at Chen’s house, there is no sign of a celebration, an omen of things to come. Bound by tradition and inflamed with jealousy, none of the three wives come out to greet the new bride. An old housekeeper welcomes and acknowledges the arrival of Songlian, and he guides her to her new room through the house’s elaborate structure. To her surprise, in a long walk from the front door to her room, she doesn’t see a single person. The lack of human presence couples with the absence of a wedding reception to create an impersonal atmosphere that prevails throughout the film. Songlian must as Ward mentions in her book, â€Å"swallow such customs as breaking and binding little girl’s feet.† Every evening, a red lantern is lit in front of the courtyard of the wife Chen chooses to sleep with. Contrary to it’s traditional symbolism red is anything but festive. There is no love among the wives only hatred. The relationships between Chen and his wives are purely sexual. Rather than helping each other out and raising their status within the family, the wives are constantly fighting among themselves to win favors from Chen. The wives who live in separate houses must compete for the affections and privileges of the master in accordance with his customs. Jealousy abounds between the wives and the scheming keeps the tensions high. Each night a lantern is lit in favor of whom the master will be with. Shortly afterwards all the lanterns of the wife’s home and courtyard are also lit and the privileges begin. In all human cultures most women marry and bear children regardless of what women personally want to do. Ward states, â€Å"We live our lives against a backdrop of the social structures, rules and expectations from a particular point in history and with in those cultural framework. Through the four wives they portray types of work. The number one way a woman can become powerful through work is reproduction. Having and raising children as well as care for others, is a way to develop a mask of some sort that can imply power. Another type of work would be work as status enhancement. These activities promote prestige and social worth. To further explain the text states, conspicuous consumption, effective consumerism and social climbing are still work and are often highly valued. A final type of work could be work as moral, caring, repairing and integration. Women often create community, build bonds that hold groups of people together, and provide crucial services to others in time of tr ouble. This is very much displayed throughout Raise the Red Lantern. They also had body-work. Their concerns were in areas of sexuality and reproduction, that which would bring status. Everywhere in the world women’s bodies are controlled, but in a community of women restricted by customs of a master, what better tactic then use your body. Drug Abusing Fathers EssayIn the text Ward had quoted, I have taken a female perspective; treating women as political actors who employs strategies to achieve ends. Women’s strategies are directly related to the structure of power and authority in the domestic group and to a woman’s position with relation to the developmental cycle†¦Women quarrel with or dominate other women when it is n their interest to do so; they share and exchange with other women when it suits their own goals. Cooperation and conflict among women in family or in-groups cannot be understood without references to domestic power structure, to women’s place within it, and to the factors that shape the relationship between the family and the larger society. (Lamphere1972: 111)Within days of her arrival, Songlian’s relationships with her â€Å"sisters† are established. The first wife an aging woman with a grown son, does her best to ignore Songlian’s presence. The thir d concubine, beautiful ex-opera singer, is fiercely jealous of Songlian, worried that the master will find his new wife enticing. On Songlian’s wedding night, Meishan, the third wife, pretends to be sick and calls Chen away for the night. And whenever Chen spends the night with Songlian, Meishan wakes them up by singing opera on the roof early in the morning. Although Meishan outwardly displays her dislike, she does not plot against her. On the other hand, second wife Zhuoyun displays her affection for Songlian, but secretly plots to destroy her. According to Meishan, Zhuoyun has a Buddha’s face and a scorpion’ heart. Songlian struggles to be as cold and calculating as her â€Å"sisters† in playing the game until tragedy destroys her composure. Raise the Red Lantern establishes a view of life within a closed, dictatorial social community. Much as the film was, as it was structured, this film could be a parable of some sort. Songlian would be the individual, the woman. The master would be the government and the customs of the house are the laws of the country. It is an archaic system that always rewards those that play and pay but destroys those who violate. One thing I found appealing about Red Lantern is that while the film portrays a brutally patriarchal system in which women are clearly very oppressed and dependent on their lord and master for everything, it does not idealize the women or turn them into doe-eyed, sweet, saintly victims. The wives and concubines are resourceful, smart, competitive, and very determined to make the best of their situation in any way they can. They can even be cruel and downright evil. Forget the cliche that men are interested in power and women are interested in love. These women are definitely interested in power and status though, of course, the only way they can obtain it is by winning the husbands favor. Yet their power struggles are just as ruthless as anything that happens in the male world of politics, business, or war, and just as fascinating to watch. Anthropology